ABSTRACT
Variation is one of the most severe problems in the construction industry. This variation occurs in every construction project and the magnitude of these variations varies considerably from project to project. As such, the client had to spend more than what was initially estimated in most cases, sometimes, disputes and unnecessary delays occur due to variations. This study focused to investigate causes and effects of design variation in road construction project in Akwa Ibom State. The objectives were to examine the causes of design variation, to investigate the effects of design variation in road construction projects and examine measures to minimizing its occurrence. Relevant literature review on causes and effects of design variation in road construction projects were carried out and an elaborate field survey was undertaken to verify the objectives of this study. A total of 62 questionnaires were collected against 68 questionnaires distributed among professionals in the construction industry, representing 91% response rate. The data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to the professionals were analysed using simple random sampling technique. The results revealed that change in client’s opinions was the most predominant cause of variation. Others are consultant and contractors’ factors were also seen as the severe causes. The results also revealed that the most common effects of design variation on construction projects were increase in project cost, delays in completion and disputes among stakeholders. The study pointed early interaction between the design team and the client to ensure that client’s requirements are clarified and communicated effectively into the design to reduce variations. The study recommends team work spirit amongst stakeholders involved in the project and respect to original design by the client as the key ingredients for a successful project delivery.
ABSTRACT
Agency relationship from its origin, presents situation where a person (principal) is bound by the acts of another (the agent) a...
Abstract
This study is on business organization and managerial efficiency of small scale enterprise. The total populatio...
Abstract
ICT gadgets are easily accessible to children due to parents care-free attitudes. The study identified various...
Abstract
This study is on the effect of new product development as a strategy for corporate growth in Unilever Lim...
ABSTRACT
This study is designed to investigate the challenges and prospects of teaching and learning ve...
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to examine how to prevent computer system infection and compromise...
INTRODUCTION
Modern financial accounting is based on a double entry system. Described simply, double en...
ABSTRACT
This study examined the effect of capital structure on corporate performance with reference to sel...
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Internal control system may be insufficient based on some predicament. These may include lack of segregation and...
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In order to make economic decisions, all corporate organizations require infor...